TALIBAN IN AFGHANISTAN
The Taliban took over Afghanistan's capital Kabul on August 15, 2021, almost after 20 years.
Who are Talibans?
The Taliban, emerged in the early 1990s in northern Pakistan following the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan. The Taliban refers to itself as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. The Taliban have clarified that they want to form an “Islamic government” in Afghanistan. The Taliban had previously ruled Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001, during which they had imposed a strict Islamic law in the country. The Taliban is a Deobandi Islamist movement and military organization in Afghanistan.
The Taliban largely consisted of talib belonging to the Pashtun areas of eastern and southern Afghanistan who had been educated in traditional Islamic schools. Under the leadership of Mohammed Omar, the Taliban movement spread throughout most of Afghanistan during the Afghan-Soviet war in 1992. The Taliban had held power over roughly three-quarters of Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001. The Taliban had established the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in 1996 and the Afghan capital was transferred to Kandahar, the birthplace of the Taliban.
RULES IMPOSED DURING TALIBAN RULE :
• During their previous rule, the Taliban had introduced strict punishments in line with their strict interpretation of the Sharia law
• Under the Taliban's rule, the men in Afghanistan were required to grow beards and women were required to cover themselves fully with a burqa.
• The Taliban had discouraged girls aged 10 and above from going to school. They had also banned music, cinema and television.
• Women were required to be accompanied by a male relative while leaving their homes and had to wear an all-covering burqa.
• The Taliban had discouraged girls aged 10 and above from going to school. They had also banned music, cinema and television.
• Women were required to be accompanied by a male relative while leaving their homes and had to wear an all-covering burqa.
• The women who were found to be disobeying these strict rules were publicly beaten.
• Male medics were also prohibited from treating women and girls.
• There was also a ban on the employment of women. This had also led to the widespread closure of primary schools, as most of the primary school teachers before the Taliban's rise were women.
Hence, it is a common fear that with the Taliban's return to power, history will repeat itself and the women in Afghanistan will be subjected to such brutal suppression yet again.
END OF THE TALIBAN REIGN IN 2001:
The international community treated Afghanistan under the Taliban as a pariah state because of human rights violations, still they didn't intervene until after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Osama bin Laden, who, with his al-Qaeda network, orchestrated the attacks that killed almost 3,000 people in the US, had found a safe harbour in Afghanistan. When the Taliban refused to hand bin Laden over, the U.S. attacked Afghanistan and eventually toppled the Islamist government.
TALIBAN'S RESURGENCE:
In 2018, the U.S. began directly negotiating a peace treaty with the Taliban — without involving the elected Afghan government. Intra-Afghan peace talks between the government and the Taliban began in September 2020, but soon stalled. When U.S. President Joe Biden announced in April 2021 that U.S. and NATO troops would be withdrawn by September 11 of the same year, critics were concerned about the fast pace at which troops were being withdrawn, fearing Afghanistan would be thrown into disarray and that the democratically elected Afghan government wouldn't be able to maintain its hold on to power. It looks like they were right.
AND NOW IN 2021:
The Taliban have pledged to enforce Islamic law but have assured that they will provide a secure environment to enable return to normalcy in the nation after decades of war. The Taliban insists that under their latest regime, women would be allowed to work and go to school and foreign journalists would be safe. The Taliban want to rename Afghanistan as Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, which is what they had called it the last time they ruled. This has raised more fears and the country descended into total chaos after the Taliban took over Kabul. People are scared that the Taliban like earlier will carry out revenge attacks against those who worked with the Americans or the government.
WHO IS MULLAH ABDUL GHANI BARADAR?
Abdul Ghani Baradar, the Taliban leader who is likely to become new Afghanistan President. It may be noted that Afghanistan President Ashraf Ghani and other top diplomats have left the country after the Taliban sealed a nationwide military victory, Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar has emerged as the undisputed leader of the insurgent group.
WILL THE TALIBAN INVADE OTHER COUNTRIES?
The IEA stated on August 15: "Once again, we assure all our neighbors that we will not create any problems for them, they should thereby have confidence." It was reiterated by Taliban spokesperson Mujahid, who told reporters: "We don't want any internal or external enemies."
The Talibans want to rule an Islamic State in Afghanistan using conservative rules, it is believed that there is no ultimate goal beyond that.
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIP :
During its time in power (1996–2001), at its height ruling 90% of Afghanistan, the Taliban regime, or "Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan", gained diplomatic recognition from only three states: the United Arab Emirates, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia, all of which provided substantial aid. The most other nations and organizations, including the United Nations, recognised the government of the Islamic State of Afghanistan (1992–2002) (parts of whom were part of the United Front, also called Northern Alliance) as the legitimate government of Afghanistan.
Regarding its relations with the rest of the world, the Taliban's Emirate of Afghanistan held a policy of isolationism: "The Taliban believe in non-interference in the affairs of other countries and similarly desire no outside interference in their country's internal affairs”. While China has been supporting the new government in Kabul both financially and politically, it is believed to have unofficial relations with the Taliban Government according to Malek Setiz, international relations adviser to the Foreign Ministry of Afghanistan.
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